Whitlock RP, Devereaux PJ, Teoh KH, Lamy A, Vincent J, Pogue J. Selected Chronological Bibliography of Biology and Medicine: IIIA Selected Chronological Bibliography of Biology and Medicine — Part III. Compiled by James Southworth Steen, Ph. D. Delta State University. Dedicated to my loving family. This document celebrates those secondary authors and laboratory technicianswithout whom most of this great labor of discovery would have proved impossible. Registration involved the use of a manual method based on definition of homologous volume structures. Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine. The GUSTO V Investigators. Please forward any editorial comments to. John D. Tiftickjian, Jr., Ph. D. Professor Emeritus of Biology. Delta State University. Box 3. 26. 2, Cleveland, MS 3. The death of this child appearing to be inevitable, I decided, not without lively and sore anxiety, as may well be believed, to try upon Joseph Meister the method which I had found constantly successful with dogs. I thus made thirteen inoculations, and prolonged the treatment to ten days. On the last days, therefore, I had inoculated Joseph Meister with the most virulent virus of rabies. The object of the graphic methods is to get around these two obstacles; to grasp fine details which would be otherwise unobserved; and to transcribe them with a clarity superior to that of our words. The first insecticide (arsenic) was recommended for use in soil to control insects damaging plant roots (3. Paul Ehrlich (DE) observed that certain vital dyes administered intravenously to small animals stained all of the organs except the brain. He interpreted this to mean that the brain had a lower affinity for the dye than the other tissues (1. Max Lewandowsky (DE) coined the phrase blood- brain barrier (Bluthirnschranke) (2. Edwin Ellen Goldmann (DE) injected dye into the spinal fluid of the brain directly. He found that in this case the brain would become dyed, but the rest of the body would not. In light of Ehrlich’s finding this clearly demonstrated the existence of some sort of barrier between the two (1. These experiments demonstrated that the central nervous system is separated from the blood by a barrier of some kind, i. Lina Salomonovna Stern (LT- CH- RU) and Raymond Gautier (CH) proposed the existence of a blood- brain barrier (hemato- encephalic barrier) (3. Reese (US) and Morris John Karnovsky (US), Milton W. Brightman (US), Yngve Olsson (SE), and Igor Klatzo (RU- LT- PL- CA- US) identified the site of the blood- brain barrier as the vascular endothelial cells of the brain of all vertebrates with the exception of the elasmobranch fishes. In elasmobranchs glial cells form the blood- brain barrier (4. Michael W. B. Bradbury (GB) reported that the blood- brain- barrier is formed by a complex cellular system of endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina where lipid soluble substances easily penetrate the cerebral endothelial plasma membranes and readily attain equilibrium between blood and brain tissue (4. Robert Behrend (DE) and Adolf Pinner (DE) coined the words uracil and pyrimidine respectively (2. Thomas Richard Fraser (GB) was the first to isolate strophanthinic acid, a cardioactive glycoside, from the strophanthus plant (1. Albert Fraenkel (DE) produced an injectable form of strophanthinic acid (1. Raphael Horace Du. Bois (FR) reported the first definitive experiments regarding the nature of the chemical components necessary for light production by organisms. He found that the luminous organs of a beetle would cease to emit light if immersed in hot water. He also noted, however, that a cold water extract, which ceased to luminesce, could be stimulated to emit light by adding the hot- water extract. He proposed that the hot water extract contained a substance stable to heat, luciferine, which was destroyed during its luminescent oxidation by a catalyst, luciferase, present in the cold- water extract. Du. Bois coined both luciferine (luciferin) and luciferase (9. E. Newton Harvey (US) found that certain fish possess light organs, which contain luminous bacteria as the source of their luminescence (1. William David Mc. Elroy (US), and Bernard L. Strehler (US) found that ATP could phosphorylate luciferin (2. In fireflies when luciferan- phosphate is split, light is emitted. Shimon Ulitzur (IL) and J. Woodland Hastings (US) reported that the light- emitting reaction of luminous bacteria involves a luciferase- catalyzed oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) by molecular oxygen, with the concomitant oxidation of a long- chain aliphatic aldehyde, probably tetradecanal (3. George John Romanes (GB) examined conduction in jellyfish as part of his exploration of the evolution of mental processes in animals. Through clever cutting experiments Romanes demonstrated that contractile waves are conducted diffusely across the subumbrella epithelium of the jellyfish Aurelia and will spread between any two blocks of subumbrellar tissue so long as a bridge of intact tissue larger than a millimeter or so in width joins these (2. The diffuse conduction demonstrated physiologically by Romanes was consistent with the diffuse distribution of the nerve cells found in histological studies. George Howard Parker (GB) used the cut and stimulate approach of Romanes and found that conduction in the column of anemones is also diffuse. Parker proposed (incorrectly) that conduction in the cells of the coelenterate nerve net is graded, and not all- or- nothing as in axons of higher animals (2. Carl Frederick Abel Pantin (GB) demonstrated a through- conducting nerve net, a locally conducting nerve net with interneural facilitation, and a group of muscles with differing requirements for neuromuscular facilitation (2. Elizabeth Joan Batham (GB) and Carl Frederick Abel Pantin (GB) found that even under constant conditions anemones periodically expand, contract, sway, and even move about by gliding on the pedal disk (2. Ian D. Mc. Farlane (GB) showed that there is not just one but rather several conducting systems in the column of anemones; a rapidly conducting system, probably the column nerve net, and at least two slow systems (2. Ludwig Edinger (DE) and Paul Emil Flechsig (DE) discovered that many dorsal root fibers, after ascending in the dorsal column, affect synapses in the bulbar nuclei with secondary neurons, which pass to the thalamus (1. Heinrich Lissauer (DE) provided a description of the dorso- lateral tract, a bundle of fibers between the apex of the posterior horn and the surface of the spinal cord marrow that was to become known as Lissauer's tract. They transmit surface sensibility, pain and temperature sensibility (2. Henry Pickering Bowditch (US) demonstrated the indefatigability of nerves. This was accomplished by paralyzing the motor nerve- endings in the muscle with curare, the first experiment in producing a functional nerve block with a drug (4. Eduard Aronsohn (DE) and Julius von Sachs (DE) discovered that the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus is the body’s thermoregulatory center. When stimulated this center caused an increase in body temperature (9. Henry Gray Barbour (US) confirmed the finding of Aronsohn and Sachs (1. Robert Georg Isenschmid (DE) and Albrecht Ludolph von Krehl (DE) discovered a second heat- control center in the brain posterior to first heat center. Stimulation of this center caused a decrease in body temperature and a loss of thermoregulation after transection (1. Hans H. Meyer (AT) was the first to suggest that body temperature is regulated by a balance between two centers: one functioning to prevent heat gain (the anterior hypothalamus) and the other functioning to prevent heat loss (the posterior hypothalamus) (2. Johann Friedrich Miescher- R. In a classic phrase inspired by the insight of genius he wrote: “Over the oxygen supply of the body carbon dioxide spreads its protecting wings” (2. Theodor Boveri (DE) followed the embryonic development of enucleated eggs of one species of sea urchin, Sphaerechinus, when they were fertilized with the spermatozoa of other species of sea urchin, Psammechinus or Paracentrotus. The results indicated that before gastrulation the chromosomes exert only general effects; after gastrulation, the factors for species- specific characters come into play, in interaction between nucleus and cytoplasm. This was the first expression of the concept of phase- specific and time- bound action of genes during development. It attributed to the cytoplasm a more specialized significance than had heretofore been acknowledged. Boveri referred to the development of sperm fertilized enucleated ova as merogony (4. Sydney Ringer (GB) postulated the existence of an endogenous “digitalis” in mammals (2. Albert Imre Szent- Gy. Aligeri (IT) discovered that the initial products of degeneration in myelinated nerve fibers could be stained selectively by osmic acid after preliminary mordanting with potassium bichromate. This method is still used to trace the origin, course, and destination of fiber connections in both experimental and clinicopathological material (2. Gustav Hauser (DE) was the first to describe the bacterial genus Proteus, named for the Greek sea god Proteus because it is pleomorphic and appears in many different sizes and shapes (1. Paul Clemens von Baumgarten (DE) clarified what is taking place at the tissue level during the tuberculous processes (3. David Douglas Cunningham (GB), in 1. Peter F. Borovsky (RU), in 1. Leishmania (3. 98, 7. Borovsky is also referred to as Alfred Borovsky. James Homer Wright (US) accurately described Leishmania tropica, the causative agent of oriental sore, also known as Delhi boil, or tropical ulcer (3. William Boog Leishman (GB) and Charles Donovan (IE) discovered a protozoan in the spleens of patients who died of the disease known variously as kala- azar (Hindu for black fever), dum- dum fever, tropical splenomegaly, and leishmaniasis (9. The causative agent was later named Leishmania donovani in their honor. Frederick George Novy (US) and Rudolph E. Knapp (US) discovered, identified, and cultured the spirochete of American relapsing fever, Spirochaeta novyi (2.
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